[PDF] Chemical Engineering Kinetics By Smith

Chemical Engineering Kinetics

Name of the Book: Chemical Engineering Kinetics
Author of the Book: J. M. Smith
Pages: 626
Size of the Book: 66.1 MB (69,392,529 bytes)

Topics Covered in This books

Introduction
Kinetics of Homogenous Reaction
Design Fundamentals
Homogenous Reactor design: Isothermal Conditions
Temprature effects in Homogenous Reactors
Deviations from Ideal Reactor Performence
Heterogenous  Reactors
Heterogenous Catalysis
Kinetics of Fluid Solid Catalysis Reactions
External Transport Processes in heterogenous Reactions
Reaction and Diffusion within Porous Catalysts: Internal Transport Processes
The Global Rate and Laboratory Reactors
Design of Heterogenous Catalytic Reactors
Fluid Solid non Catalytic Reactions

Preface

The first edition of Chemical Engineering Kinetics appeared when the rational design of chemical reactors, as opposed to empirical scaleup, was an emerging field. Since then, progress in kinetics, catalysis, and particularly in engineering aspects of design, has been so great that this second edition is 1 completely rewritten version. In view of present-day knowledge, the treatment in the first edition is inadequate with respect to kinetics of multiple reaction systems, mixing in non-ideal reactors, thermal effects, and global rates of heterogeneous reactions. Special attention has been devoted to these subjects in the second edition. What hasn't changed is the book's objective: the clear presentation and illustration of design procedures which are based upon scientific principles. Successful design of chemical reactors requires understanding of chemical kinetics as well as such physical processes as· mass and energy transport. Hence, the intrinsic rate of chemical reactions is accorded a good measure of attention: in a general way in the second chapter and then with specific reference to catalysis· in the eighth and ninth. A brief review of chemical thermodynamics is included in Chap. 1, but earlier study of the fundamentals of this subject would be beneficial. Introductory and theoretical material is given in Chap. 2, only in a manner that does not make prior study of kinetics mandatory.

The concepts of reactor design are presented in Chap. 3 from the viewpoint of the effect of reactor geometry and operating conditions on the form of mass and energy conservation equations. The assumptions associated with the extremes of plug-flow and stirred-tank behavior are emphasized. A brief introduction to deviations from these ideal forms is included in this chapter and is followed with a more detailed examination of the effects of mixing on conversion in Chap. 6. In Chaps. 4 and 5 design procedures are examined for ideal forms of homogeneous reactors, with emphasis upon multiple-reaction systems. The latter chapter is concerned with no isothermal behavior.

Chapter 7 is an introduction to heterogeneous systems. The concept of a global rate of reaction is interjected to relate the design of heterogeneous reactors to the previously studied concepts of homogeneous reactor design. A secondary objective here is to examine, in a preliminary way, the method of combining of chemical and physical processes to obtain a global rate of reaction.

Chap. 8 begins with a discussion of catalysis, particularly on solid surfaces, and this leads directly into adsorption and the physical properties of porous solids. The latter is treated in reasonable detail because of the importance of solid-catalyzed reactions and because of its significance with respect to intrapillar transport theory (considered in Chap. 11). With this background, the formulation of intrinsic rate equations at a catalyst site is taken up in Chap. 9.

The objective of Chaps. 10 and 11 is to combine intrinsic rate equations with intrapillar and fluid-to-pellet transport rates to obtain global rate equations useful for design. It is at this point that models of porous catalyst pellets and effectiveness factors are introduced. Slurry reactors offer an excellent example of the interrelation between chemical and physical processes, and such systems are used to illustrate the formulation of global rates of reaction.

The book has been written from the viewpoint that the design of a chemical reactor requires, first, a laboratory study to establish the intrinsic rate of reaction, and subsequently a combination of the rate expression with a model of the commercial-scale reactor .to predict performance. In Chap. 12 types of laboratory reactors are analyzed, with special attention given to how data can be reduced to obtain global and intrinsic rate equations. Then the modeling problem is examined. Here it is assumed that a global rate equation is available, and the objective is to use it, and a model? to predict the performance of a large-scale unit. Several reactors are considered, but major attention is devoted to the fixed-bed type. Finally, in the last chapter gas-solid, noncatalytic reactions are analyzed, both from a single pellet (global rate) viewpoint, and in terms of reactor design. These systems offer examples of interaction of chemical and physical processes under transient conditions.

No effort has been made to include all type of kinetics or of reactors. Rather, the attempt has been to present, as clearly and simply as possible, all the aspects of process design for a few common types of reactors. The material should be readily understandable by students in the fourth undergraduate year. The whole book can be comfortably covered in two semesters, and perhaps in two quarters. ·

The suggestions and criticisms of numerous students and colleagues have been valuable in this revision, and all are sincerely acknowledged. The several stimulating discussions with Professor J. J. Carberry about teaching chemical reaction engineering were most helpful. To Mrs. Barbara Dierks and Mrs. Loretta Charles for their conscientious and interested efforts in typing the manuscript, I express my thanks. Finally, the book is dedicated to my wife, Essie, and to my students whose enthusiasm and research accomplishments have been a continuing inspiration.

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